On May 14, 2019, the main events of the celebration at the Kherson State University DAYS OF SCIENCE and DAYS OF EUROPE were presented. The presentation of the directions and results of scientific activity and the exhibition of own teaching aids and scientific articles of the senior lecturer of the Department of Human Biology and Immunology Lanovenko Olena Gennadievna.
Summary of the event
Doslidzhennya provedene v ramkakh vuzivsʹkoyi naukovoyi initsiatyvnoyi temy “Sprya¬movanistʹ henetyko-demohrafichnykh protsesiv v umovakh depopulyatsiyi pivdnya Ukrayiny”, zareyestrovanoyi v UkrNTEI (derzhavnyy reyestratsiynyy № 0112U004273).
Problema dyferentsiynoyi poshyrenosti vrodzhenykh vad rozvytku i reproduktyvnykh vtrat v ukrayinsʹkykh populyatsiyakh staye osoblyvo aktualʹnoyu v konteksti posylennya vplyvu nespryyatlyvykh ekolohichnykh, henetychnykh i demohrafichnykh chynnykiv, zdatnykh vplyvaty na henofond.
Doslidzhena dynamika deyakykh henetyko-demohra¬fichnykh pokaznykiv rayonnykh populyatsiy Khersonsʹkoyi oblasti (rivnya mizhetnichnykh i homolokalʹnykh monoetnichnykh ukrayinsʹkykh shlyubiv, indeksu endohamiyi) protyahom ostannikh 56 rokiv ta yiyi vplyvu na poshyrenistʹ vrodzhenykh vad rozvytku (VVR) i mymovilʹnykh vykydniv. V umovakh skorochennya chyselʹnosti naselennya Khersonsʹkoyi oblasti ta znyzhennya koefitsiyenta narodzhuvanosti chastota vrodzhenykh vad rozvytku novonarodzhenykh zbilʹshylasya (z 22,3 ± 5,4 ‰ v 2000-2008 rokakh do 40,1 ± 8,2 ‰ v 2009-2017 rokakh). U strukturi vrodzhenykh vad rozvytku providne mistse zaymayutʹ vady systemy krovoobihu (28,5%), dali - vady skeletno-m'yazovoyi systemy (26,05%), vady sechovoyi systemy (15,25%), shchelepno-lytsʹovi defekty (v osnovnomu ushchelyna huby) (4,25%), khromosomni defekty (3,35%), defekty orhaniv travlennya (3,75%), defekty nervovoyi systemy (3,0%). Chastka mnozhynnykh vad rozvytku v zahalʹniy strukturi vrodzhenykh defektiv stanovytʹ 2,27%. Vyvchennya dynamiky struktury vrodzhenykh vad vkazalo na shvydke ta statystychno znachushche zrostannya poshyrenosti vad systemy krovoobihu sered novonarodzhenykh (z 23,7% v period 2000-2006 rr. do 35,3% za period 2007-2015 rr.).
Poshyrenistʹ VVR u populyatsiyakh zvorotno korelyuye z poshyrenistyu mymo-vilʹnykh vykydniv (r = -0,52±0,12; tr = 2,4 > t05 = 2,12), shcho ye svidchennyam nayavnosti “pro¬siyuyuchoyi” diyi doboru, yakyy eliminuye nezhyttyezdatni henotypy v embrionalʹnomu periodi ontohenezu. Rayony, u yakykh za roky doslidzhennya vidbulosya suttyeve zbilʹshennya chast¬ky mizhetnichnykh shlyubiv, vidriznyayutʹsya bilʹsh vysokymy serednimy pokaznykamy po¬shyrenosti VVR (r = 0,50±0,46; tr = 2,3>t05 = 2,12) i nyzhchoyu chastotoyu reproduktyvnykh vtrat (r = -0,27±0,24; tr = 1,13 < t05 = 2,12). U rayonakh, de vidbulosya skorochennya kilʹ¬kosti monoetnichnykh shlyubiv (u serednʹomu z 71,2 do 62,9 %), poshyrenistʹ vrodzhenykh vad rozvytku nemovlyat i reproduktyvnykh vtrat (vidpovidno 26,0±4,1 ta 41,4±6,5 ‰) perevyshchyla seredni rehionalʹni pokaznyky (21,7±3,9 ta 36,3±5,9‰). Rayony, yaki nyni ye elementarnymy populyatsiyamy (indeks endohamiyi 0,5 i vyshche) i v yakykh konstatuyutʹ zbilʹshennya abo vidnosnu postiynistʹ chastky homolokalʹnykh monoetnichnykh ukrayin¬sʹkykh shlyubiv, kharakteryzuyutʹsya nyzhchymy serednimy pokaznykamy poshyrenosti vro¬dzhenykh vad rozvytku novonarodzhenykh (vidpovidno 19,3±3,0 ta 17,7±3,4 ‰), porivnyano z populyatsiyamy, v yakykh chastka takykh shlyubiv iz chasom suttyevo znyzylasya (28,1±4,4) ‰. Chastota homolokalʹnykh ukrayinsʹkykh shlyubiv zvorotno korelyuye z chastotoyu poshyre¬nosti vrodzhenykh vad (r = -0,37±0,23; tr = 1,59 < t05 = 2,12), khocha tsey zvʺyazok ne ye sta¬tystychno dostovirnym. Korelyatsiynym analizom vstanovleno takozh nayavnistʹ slab¬koho pozytyvnoho korelyatsiynoho zvʺyazku mizh suchasnymy pokaznykamy rivnya endoham¬nykh monoetnichnykh ukrayinsʹkykh shlyubiv i pokaznykamy poshyrenosti mymovilʹnykh vykydniv u populyatsiyakh (r = 0,25±0,24; tr = 1,0<t05 = 2,12), shcho svidchytʹ pro mozhlyvyy
vplyv henetychnoho dreyfu na chastotu reproduktyvnykh vtrat. Rivenʹ endohamiyi sut¬tyevo ne vplyvaye na poshyrenistʹ vad rozvytku (r = -0,20±0,24; tr = 0,8 < t05 = 2,12).
Pokaznyky chastoty i struktury anomaliy rozvytku vrodzhenoyi etiolohiyi mozhutʹ sluhuvaty ne lyshe populyatsiynymy markeramy henetychnoho tyaharya, ale y pokazny¬kamy stupenya vidminnosti istorychno sformovanykh henofondiv. Spektr mutatsiy u henakh, shcho kontrolyuyutʹ formoutvoryuyuchi protsesy v embriohenezi, maye etnospetsyfichnyy kharakter.
Perspektyvnoyu oblastyu doslidzhenʹ ye vyvchennya prychyn vidminnostey u poshyrenosti vrodzhenykh vad rozvytku ta chastoty rannikh mymovilʹnykh vykydniv sered misʹkoho i silʹsʹkoho naselennya, a takozh sered silʹsʹkoho naselennya riznykh rayoniv odnoho rehionu.
Развернуть
4059/5000
The research was carried out within the framework of the university's scientific research theme "Humor of genetic and demographic processes in the conditions of depopulation of the south of Ukraine", registered in UkrNTEI (state registration number 0112U004273).
The problem of differential prevalence of congenital malformations and reproductive losses in Ukrainian populations becomes particularly relevant in the context of increasing the impact of adverse environmental, genetic and demographic factors that can influence the gene pool.
The dynamics of some genetic-demographic indicators of rayon populations of the Kherson region (level of interethnic and homolocal monoethnic Ukrainian marriages, index of endogamies) during the last 56 years and its influence on the prevalence of congenital malformations (BP) and involuntary miscarriages have been researched. In the conditions of reducing the population of the Kherson region and reducing the fertility rate, the incidence of birth defects in newborns has increased (from 22.3 ± 5.4 ‰ in 2000-2008 to 40.1 ± 8.2 ‰ in 2009-2017). In the structure of congenital malformations, the leading place is occupied by systemic disorders (28.5%), followed by malformations of the musculoskeletal system (26.05%), urogenital defects (15.25%), maxillo-facial defects (in the main gorge of the lips) (4.25%), chromosomal defects (3.35%), defects of the digestive system (3.75%), defects of the nervous system (3.0%). The fraction of multiple developmental defects in the overall structure of birth defects is 2.27%. The study of the dynamics of the structure of congenital malformations indicated a rapid and statistically significant increase in the prevalence of circulatory system disorders among newborns (from 23.7% in the period 2000-2006 to 35.3% in the period 2007-2015).
The prevalence of BVD in populations is inversely correlated with the prevalence of free-range miscarriages (r = -0,52 ± 0,12; tr = 2,4> t05 = 2,12), which is evidence of the presence of a "penetrating" selection action, which Eliminates non-viable genotypes in the embryonic period of ontogenesis. Areas in which during the years of research there was a significant increase in the proportion of interethnic marriages, are characterized by higher average rates of prevalence of BW (r = 0,50 ± 0,46; tr = 2,3> t05 = 2,12) and lower the frequency of reproductive losses (r = -0,27 ± 0,24; tr = 1,13 <t05 = 2,12). In areas where there was a reduction in the number of mono-ethnic marriages (on average from 71.2 to 62.9%), the prevalence of congenital malformations of infants and reproductive losses (26.0 ± 4.1 and 41.4 ± 6.5 respectively ‰) exceeded the average regional indicators (21.7 ± 3.9 and 36.3 ± 5.9 ‰). The districts, which are now elementary populations (index of endogamies 0.5 and above) and which state the increase or relative constancy of the share of homolocal monoethnic Ukrainian marriages, are characterized by lower average rates of prevalence of acquired defects in the development of newborns (19.3 ± 3 , 0 and 17.7 ± 3.4 ‰) compared to populations in which the proportion of such marriages has significantly decreased over time (28.1 ± 4.4) ‰. The frequency of Homolocal Ukrainian marriages is inversely correlated with the frequency of congenital malformations (r = -0.37 ± 0.23; tr = 1.59 <t05 = 2.12), although this relationship is not statistically significant. Correlation analysis also established the existence of a weak positive correlation between the current indicators of the level of endogamous monoethnic Ukrainian marriages and the prevalence of involuntary miscarriages in populations (r = 0.25 ± 0.24; tr = 1.0 <t05 = 2 , 12), indicating that it is possible
the effect of genetic drift on the frequency of reproductive losses. The level of endogamy essentially does not affect the prevalence of developmental defects (r = -0,20 ± 0,24; tr = 0,8 <t05 = 2,12).
Indicators of frequency and structure of anomalies in the development of congenital etiology can serve not only population markers of genetic burden, but also indicators of the degree of difference between historically formed gene pools. The spectrum of mutations in the genes that control the forming processes in the embryogenesis has an ethnospecific character.
A promising area of research is the study of the causes of differences in the prevalence of birth defects and the frequency of early involuntary miscarriages among urban and rural populations, as well as among rural populations of different regions of one region.
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